Hóa ra đây là lí do tại sao xem phim không nghe được người Mỹ nói cái mô tê gì.
Họ nói rút gọn rất nhiều cấu trúc mang tính ngữ pháp. Trong khi đó, mình thì cứ mong họ nói rõ từng từ một.
|
Bình thường |
Cách nói bình thường |
Rút gọn |
Cách đọc/nói rút gọn |
|
They are |
/ðeɪ/ /ɑːr/ |
They’re |
/ðeə/, /ðer/ |
|
They have |
/ðeɪ/ /hæv/ |
They’ve |
/ðeɪv/ |
|
You are |
/juː/ /ɑːr/ |
You’re |
/jɔːr/,
/jər/, /jʊr/ |
|
You have |
/juː/ /hæv/ |
You’ve |
/juːv/, /jəv/ |
|
We are |
/wiː/ /ɑːr/ |
We’re |
/wɪər/,
/wɪr/ |
|
We have |
/wiː/ /hæv/ |
We’ve |
/wiːv/, /wɪv/ |
|
Do not |
/du:/ /nɒt/ |
Don’t |
/dəʊnt/ |
|
Does not |
/dʌz/ /nɒt/ |
Doesn’t |
/ˈdʌ.zənt/ |
|
It is |
/ɪt/ /ɪz/ |
It’s |
/ɪts/ |
|
Is not |
/ɪz/ /nɒt/ |
Isn’t |
/ˈɪ.zənt/ |
|
Are not |
/ɑːr/
/nɒt/ |
Aren’t |
/ɑːrnt/ |
|
I am |
/aɪ/ /æm/ |
I’m |
/aɪm/ |
|
I have |
/aɪ/ /hæv/ |
I’ve |
/aɪv/ |
|
He is |
/hi:/ /ɪz/ |
He’s |
/hiːz/ |
|
He has |
/hi:/ /hæz/ |
He’s |
/hiːz/ |
|
She is |
/ʃiː/ /ɪz/ |
She's |
/ʃiːz/, /ʃɪz/ |
|
She has |
/ʃiː/ /hæz/ |
She's |
/ʃiːz/, /ʃɪz/ |
|
I will |
/aɪ/ /wɪl/ |
I’ll |
/aɪl/ |
|
You will |
/juː/ /wɪl/ |
You’ll |
/juːl/ |
|
He will |
/hi:/ /wɪl/ |
He’ll |
/hiːl/ |
|
She will |
/ʃiː/ /wɪl/ |
She’ll |
/ʃiːl/, /ʃɪl/ |
|
It will |
/ɪt/ /wɪl/ |
It’ll |
/ˈɪt.əl/ |
|
We will |
/wiː/ /wɪl/ |
We’ll |
/wɪl/ |
|
They will |
/ðeɪ/ /wɪl/ |
They’ll |
/ðeɪl/ |
|
Will not |
/wɪl/ /nɒt/ |
Won’t |
/wəʊnt/ |
|
Have not |
/hæv/ /nɒt/ |
Haven’t |
/ˈhæ.vənt/ |
|
Has not |
/hæz/ /nɒt/ |
Hasn’t |
/’hæ.zənt/ |
|
He had |
/hi:/ /hæd/ |
He’d |
/hiːd/ |
|
He would |
/hi:/ /wʊd/ |
He’d |
/hiːd/ |
|
I would |
/aɪ/ /wʊd/ |
I’d |
/aɪd/ |
|
She would |
/ʃiː/ /wʊd/ |
She’d |
/ʃiːd/, /ʃid/ |
|
You would |
/juː/ /wʊd/ |
You’d |
/juːd/ |
|
It had |
/ɪt/ /hæd/ |
It’d |
/ˈɪ.təd/ |
|
It would |
/ɪt/ /wʊd/ |
It’d |
/ˈɪ.təd/ |
|
Had not |
/hæd/ /nɒt/ |
Hadn’t |
/ˈhæ.dənt/ |
|
Would not |
/wʊd/ /nɒt/ |
Wouldn’t |
/ˈwʊ.dənt/ |
|
Was not |
/wəz/ /nɒt/ |
Wasn’t |
/’wə.zənt/ |
|
Could have |
/kʊd/ /hæv/ |
Could’ve |
/’kʊ.dəv/ |
|
Could not |
/kʊd/ /nɒt/ |
Couldn’t |
/’kʊ.dənt/ |
Ngoài ra, người Mỹ còn nói rút gọn nhiều cấu trúc mang tính ngữ pháp khác dưới đây:
Ain’t - /eint/ = Am not/are not/is not/has
not/have not
- Example: She
ain’t hungry.
- E.g. He
ain’t done it yet.
Wanna - /ˈwɑː.nə/ = Want to
- E.g.
I wanna go home.
Wanna -/ˈwɑː.nə/ = Want a
- E.g. I
wanna coffee.
Whatcha - /ˈwɑː.tʃə/= What have you
- E.g. Whatcha
got there?
Kinda - /ˈkaɪ.ndə/ = Kind of (thật, rất)
- E.g. Anna’s
kinda cute.
Sorta - /ˈsɔːr.tə/ = Sort of (một chút)
- E.g. She’s
sorta tired.
Outta - /ˈaʊ.tə/ = Out of (hết, không còn)
- E.g. I’m
outta money.
Alotta -/ə.ˈlɑː.tə/ = A lot of (nhiều)
- E.g. I
eat alotta chocolate.
Lotsa - /ˈlɑːt.sə/ = Lots of (nhiều)
- E.g. He
has lotsa money.
Mucha - /ˈmʌtʃ.ə/ = Much of (nhiều)
- E.g. It’s
not mucha a surprise, is it?
Cuppa - /ˈkʌp.ə/ = Cup of
- E.g. Would
you like a cuppa tea?
Dunno - /dəˈnoʊ/ = Don’t know
- E.g. I
dunno.
Lemme - /ˈlem.i/ = Let me
- E.g. Lemme
see!
Gimme - /ˈɡɪm.i/ = Give me
- E.g. Gimme
the book!
Tell’em - /ˈtel.əm/ = Tell them
- E.g. We
should tell’em the truth.
Cos = Cus - /kəz/ = Because
- E.g. I
cry cos I’m in pain.
Innit? - /ˈɪn.ɪt/ = Isn’t it?
- E.g. It’s
blue, innit?
I’mma - /ˈai.mə/ = I’m going to
- E.g. I’mma
talk to my mother.
Gonna - /ˈɡɑː.nə/ = Going to
- E.g. I’m
gonna tell you the truth.
Needa - /ˈniː.də/ = Need to
- E.g. You
needa know about Jame.
Oughta - /ˈɔ:.də/ = Ought to
- E.g. You
oughta phone your brother.
Hafta - /ˈhæf.tə/ = Have to
- E.g. We
hafta go.
Hasta - /’hæs.tə/ = Has to
- E.g. John
hasta work today.
Usta - /ˈjus·tə/ = Used to
- E.g. She
usta live in France.
Supposta - /səˈpoʊ.stə/ = Supposed to
- E.g. I’m
supposta start a new job on Monday.
Gotta - /ˈɡɑː.də/ = Got to
- E.g. You’ve
gotta go.
Cmon - /kmɑːn/ = Come on
- E.g. Cmon,
let’s do it together!
Ya - /jə/ = You/ you are
- E.g. I
miss ya.
Gotta - /ˈɡɑː.də/ = (have) got a
- E.g. Have
you gotta phone?
Shoulda - /ʃʊd.ə/ = Should have
- E.g. She
shoulda called yesterday.
Shouldna - /ʃʊd.ə.nə/ = Shouldn’t have
- E.g. I’m
sorry, I shouldna told you that.
Wouldna - /’wʊ.də.nə/ = Wouldn’t have
- E.g. I wouldna done
that if I were you.
She’da - /’ʃiː.də/ = She would have
- E.g. She’da
been prepared for class.
Coulda - /’kʊd.ə/ = Could have
- E.g. He
coulda been here by 5:00.
Woulda - /’wʊd.ə/ = Would have
- E.g. He
woulda arrived soon.
Mighta - /’maɪ.tə/ = Might have
- E.g. You
mighta left the book at the airport.
Mightna - /’maɪ.tə.nə/ = Mightn’t have
- E.g. She mightna caught her
train.
Musta - /məs.tə/ = Must have
- E.g. She
musta been in a hurry.
Mussna - /məs.nə/ = Must not have
- E.g. You mussna
stolen the money.
Dontcha - /’doʊn.tʃə/ = Don’t you
- E.g. Dontcha
see it?
Wontcha - /’woʊn.tʃə/ = Won’t you
- E.g. Wontcha
watch this film?
Whatcha - /’wɑːtʃ.ə/ = What are you
- E.g. Whatcha
doing?
Betcha - /ˈbetʃ.ə/ = Bet you
- E.g. Betcha
can’t guess who she is!
Gotcha - /ˈɡɑːtʃ.ə/ = Got you
- E.g. We
gotcha!
D’you - /djuː/ (h) /djə/ = Do you
- E.g. D’you
like him?
Didntcha - /’di.dn.tʃə/ = Didn’t you
- E.g. Didntcha
like this book?
Dija - /’di.dʒə/ = Did you
- E.g. Did
you do it?
S’more - /smɔː/ = Some more
- E.g. I
will need s’more time.
Layder - /’lei.də/= Later
- E.g. See
ya layder.
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